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EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT REFERENCE STYLES
• American Psychological Association (APA)
• Documentary note style
• Harvard
• IEEE
• Modern Language Association (MLA)
• Vancouver
EXAMPLES OF CITING AND REFERENCING A SOURCE
In an assignment for Psychology, you may find the following:
1. Animal languages can be extremely complex, as evidenced by the different calls of vervet monkeys (Diamond, 2002).
(note that there is no direct quotation, but the information has been paraphrased and therefore the source has to be acknowledged. the page number does not have to be included because it is not a direct quotation.)
2. He clearly states that ‘virtually every claim of animal behaviour suggesting elements of human language is greeted with scepticism by many scientists.’ (Diamond, 2002:130).
(Note that here there is a direct quotation from the source. Quotation marks are used and the author, year of publication of book, as well as the page(s) on which the quote can be found, are specified in brackets.)
In addition to the citations in the text of your assignment or report, you need to include the full reference in your reference list, which usually appears at the end. for the above examples, the full reference will be:
Diamond, J (2002). The rise and fall of the third chimpanzee. How our animal heritage affects the way we live. London: Vintage.